MDIA Publications Online

The Alameda Whipsnake
by Carl Nielson, State Park Ranger
Mount Diablo Review - Fall 2001

The Alameda whipsnake [Masticophis lateralsi euryxanthus] is a federally listed threatened species that resides in Mount Diablo State Park. This subspecies exists only in open space areas of the East Bay hills. The snake, among the fastest in the world, is slender, measures up to four feet in length, and is sooty black with distinct yellow-orange stripes running down each side. The snake is very elusive. It feeds primarily on the western fence lizard. Rodents, birds, frogs, and other snakes are also included in the whipsnake’s diet. It prefers a chaparral habitat, but it will venture into adjacent communities, including grassland and oak savanna. The snake has the ability to climb brush. Rock outcrops are an important component of the whipsnake habitat as they support lizard populations. The snake has a cobra-like appearance when it "stands" with its head high off the ground to peer over grass and rocks.

Residential, commercial, and recreational development, excessive livestock grazing, and the exclusion of fire are threats to the Alameda whipsnake. Preservation of open space areas is a key to the whipsnake’s survival. The exclusion of fire, especially in chaparral communities, results in thick, continuous, impenetrable brush. Openings in the plant canopy that follow a fire event provide sunning and foraging areas. Fire suppression efforts over the last century in this urban-wild land interface of the East Bay have resulted in the lack of fires in native communities that are fire dependent. Fires can be reintroduced into the whipsnake habitat through the utilization of prescribed fire. The Alameda whipsnake and fire have coexisted long before the creation of Mount Diablo State Park.

Though fast and shy, the whipsnake may be encountered by park visitors. Sightings are distributed throughout the park, including Rock City, Juniper Campground, and the Fire Interpretive Trail. If you are fortunate to observe a whipsnake, please report the sighting to park personnel.

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